A criminal network in Spain exploited dozens of Ukrainian women displaced by Russia’s war to carry out a multimillion-dollar fraud gambling scheme, Europol said Thursday.

Police arrested 12 suspects after a two-year investigation and said thegroup generated roughly $5.5 million in illegal profits.

According to authorities, the network targeted Ukrainian women fleeing the war, recruiting them from regions heavily affected by the conflict and bringing them to Spain under the promise of assistance. Once there, the women were taken to banks and instructed to obtain credit cards by opening accounts. The financial accounts were then taken over by the criminal group and used to move illicit money through online betting platforms.

Investigators say the women had little control over what happened next. In many cases, members of the network accompanied them through the process of opening the accounts and then sent them back to Ukraine shortly afterward, leaving the criminals with full access to the banking infrastructure created in their names.

Authorities say the group also transferred government subsidies the women received after obtaining refugee status in Spain. Police identified 55 Ukrainian women who were brought to Spain and used in the operation.

Spanish police said the suspects operated mainly out of Alicante and Valencia, where they allegedly managed the fraud scheme.

The network used the bank accounts to create large numbers of profiles on online gambling platforms. Investigators say the group relied on automated software programs, known as bots, that placed thousands of bets simultaneously at low odds to generate steady profits while masking the origin of the funds. Some of the proceeds were later invested in luxury real estate across Europe.

To scale the operation, the criminals relied heavily on stolen personal data. Police discovered more than 5,000 stolen identities from 17 different nationalities and at least 3,000 compromised credit cards tied to the scheme.

Police raids in Alicante and Valencia resulted in the seizure of tens of thousands of euros in cash and cryptocurrency, four luxury vehicles, and dozens of electronic devices. Ukrainian authorities carried out eight searches targeting suspects linked to the network alongside the Spanish operations.