ls

ls [选项] [目录]

ls

ls directory/

ls -l

ls -a

ls -lh

ls -r

ls -t

ls -R directory/

[[email protected] /]# ls --helpUsage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.  -a, --all                  do not ignore entries starting with .  -A, --almost-all           do not list implied . and ..      --author               with -l, print the author of each file  -b, --escape               print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters      --block-size=SIZE      with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them;                               e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below  -B, --ignore-backups       do not list implied entries ending with ~  -c                         with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last                               modification of file status information);                               with -l: show ctime and sort by name;                               otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first  -C                         list entries by columns      --color[=WHEN]         colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default                               if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below  -d, --directory            list directories themselves, not their contents  -D, --dired                generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode  -f                         do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color  -F, --classify             append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries      --file-type            likewise, except do not append '*'      --format=WORD          across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,                               single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C      --full-time            like -l --time-style=full-iso  -g                         like -l, but do not list owner      --group-directories-first                             group directories before files;                               can be augmented with a --sort option, but any                               use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping  -G, --no-group             in a long listing, don't print group names  -h, --human-readable       with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.      --si                   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024  -H, --dereference-command-line                             follow symbolic links listed on the command line      --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir                             follow each command line symbolic link                               that points to a directory      --hide=PATTERN         do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN                               (overridden by -a or -A)      --hyperlink[=WHEN]     hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always'                               (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'      --indicator-style=WORD  append indicator with style WORD to entry names:                               none (default), slash (-p),                               file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)  -i, --inode                print the index number of each file  -I, --ignore=PATTERN       do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN  -k, --kibibytes            default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage;                               used only with -s and per directory totals  -l                         use a long listing format  -L, --dereference          when showing file information for a symbolic                               link, show information for the file the link                               references rather than for the link itself  -m                         fill width with a comma separated list of entries  -n, --numeric-uid-gid      like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs  -N, --literal              print entry names without quoting  -o                         like -l, but do not list group information  -p, --indicator-style=slash                             append / indicator to directories  -q, --hide-control-chars   print ? instead of nongraphic characters      --show-control-chars   show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,                               unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)  -Q, --quote-name           enclose entry names in double quotes      --quoting-style=WORD   use quoting style WORD for entry names:                               literal, locale, shell, shell-always,                               shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape                               (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)  -r, --reverse              reverse order while sorting  -R, --recursive            list subdirectories recursively  -s, --size                 print the allocated size of each file, in blocks  -S                         sort by file size, largest first      --sort=WORD            sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),                               time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)      --time=WORD            change the default of using modification times;                               access time (-u): atime, access, use;                               change time (-c): ctime, status;                               birth time: birth, creation;                             with -l, WORD determines which time to show;                             with --sort=time, sort by WORD (newest first)      --time-style=TIME_STYLE  time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below  -t                         sort by time, newest first; see --time  -T, --tabsize=COLS         assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8  -u                         with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;                               with -l: show access time and sort by name;                               otherwise: sort by access time, newest first  -U                         do not sort; list entries in directory order  -v                         natural sort of (version) numbers within text  -w, --width=COLS           set output width to COLS.  0 means no limit  -x                         list entries by lines instead of by columns  -X                         sort alphabetically by entry extension  -Z, --context              print any security context of each file  -1                         list one file per line.  Avoid '\n' with -q or -b      --help     display this help and exit      --version  output version information and exit
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT.FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1).  If FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2,then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files.TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale.Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default andwith --color=never.  With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only whenstandard output is connected to a terminal.  The LS_COLORS environmentvariable can change the settings.  Use the dircolors command to set it.
Exit status: 0  if OK, 1  if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory), 2  if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls>or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ls invocation'