猴痘病毒(MPXV)隶属于正痘病毒(orthopoxvirus)家族,与天花和牛痘同族。猴痘(MPX)是一种人畜共患病,人类于 1958 年首次在猴子身上发现这种疾病,因而得名「猴痘」(Petersen et al., 2019)。
不过,现在通常认为猴子和人类一样,都只是猴痘病毒的一个宿主,它的来源尚不明确。在已知的案例中,其他哺乳动物,比如啮齿类动物,也都有过感染猴痘病毒的案例 (Doty et al., 2017)。在此前的地区性大流行(endemic)中,就有以这些动物为主要传染源的例子 (Petersen et al., 2019)。
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题图:a colorized transmission electron micrograph of monkeypox virus particles (green) cultivated and purified from cell culture NIAID via Flickr under CC BY 2.0