我们在进行Android组件安全测试时，如果遇到声明了权限的组件，在编写PoC时，可能会遇到如下错误提示：

INSTALL_FAILED_DUPLICATE_PERMISSION perm=com.myapp.permission.C2D_MESSAGE pkg=com.myapp

假设申明权限的manifest文件如下：

<uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.RECEIVE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="com.yourpackage.name.permission.C2D_MESSAGE"/>

<permission
    android:name="com.yourpackage.name.permission.C2D_MESSAGE"
    android:protectionLevel="normal"/>
<permission
    android:name="com.yourpackage.name.permission.MAPS_RECEIVE"
    android:protectionLevel="normal"/>

我们需要把它修改为：

<uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.RECEIVE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="${applicationId}.permission.C2D_MESSAGE"/>

<permission
    android:name="${applicationId}.permission.C2D_MESSAGE"
    android:protectionLevel="normal"/>
<permission
    android:name="${applicationId}.permission.MAPS_RECEIVE"
    android:protectionLevel="normal"/>

然后在build.gradle文件中设置applicationId：

android {
    compileSdkVersion 28
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.attack.provider"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 28
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}